Theatre Bonds War-Affected People
By Renuka Senanayake
BATTICALOA,
Sri Lanka, Apr 17, 2001 (IPS) - An annual theatre festival in this
north-eastern Sri Lankan city is helping bond local communities
affected by the 18-year-old ethnic conflict in the Indian Ocean island
nation.
The plays are staged by the Eastern University of
Batticaloa, located in the city of that name, some 303 km north-east of
the capital city Colombo.
A five-day theatre festival organised by the university late
March, brought together academics and villagers -- a process that is
also helping break down social barriers.
Once an exclusive university production, the festival now involves local communities.
"The need to involve the community in the festival has arisen
because of the war. The villages have no space for such performances
now," says S. Jeyashankar, who teaches in the university's Department
of Fine Arts.
Batticaloa is close to the war zone in Sri Lanka's north and
east, where Tamil Tiger rebels are demanding a separate home for the
nation's minority Tamil people. Their violent campaign has claimed tens
of thousands of lives.
The highlight of the festival this year was the staging of 'Ravaneswaran', based on the great Indian epic Ramayana.
However, unlike the original epic, which has its cultural
roots in north India, Ravaneswaran portrays the demon king Ravana who
ruled Lanka -- present day Sri Lanka -- in a sympathetic light.
The centrepiece of the Ramayana is the battle between the
Hindu prince Rama, who symbolises good and Ravana, who personifies
evil.
The Eastern University production was, however, based on a
version of the Ramayana, which is popular in southern India, where the
original epic is believed to have racial overtones.
Some scholars argue that the clash between good and evil in
the Ramayana actually depicts the culture clash between the Aryan
invaders of India and the original Dravidian inhabitants of the
subcontinent.
The alternative version portrays Ravana as a tragic hero.
Known as Ravaneswaran in south India, the demon king of Ramayana is
shown here as a scholar and a king who is even respected by Rama.
The play is also a revival of 'Koothu', a traditional folk
dance of Batticaloa. The drama is set to the 'Vadamodi' style of the
'Koothu' dance.
"I have tried to emphasise the struggles of Ravaneswaran.
This part also shows the foolhardiness of war and moreover, that once
trapped in war, honour and pride takes precedence over reason," says
Professor S. Maunaguru, writer and director of Ravaneswaran.
"Two forms of Koothu are traditionally performed in
Batticaloa. The 'Vadamodi' style shows influences from (India's
southern) Karnataka (state), while the 'Thenmodi' shows influences from
Tamil Nadu (in southern India and close to Sri Lanka)," he explains.
Koothu was found in the northern Jaffna peninsula region
too. However, this has hardly survived there, its demise attributed to
colonial British occupation. It is today often found in church pageants
and is not performed as part of folk theatre.
"The reason Koothu has remained in Batticaloa is because
modernisation has been slow in Batticaloa," says academic Kandiah
Shriganeshan.
The drama festival was also representative of the different
communities living in and around Batticaloa -- the Tamils, the Muslims,
the Burghers and plantation workers of Indian origin.
The festival opened with a village theatre group staging the
'Parai Mela Koothu' -- the Koothu dance traditionally performed by the
Pariyar community.
Sri Lanka's plantation workers, who were brought here from
southern India more than a century ago by then British rulers of the
subcontinent, staged the 'Kaaman Koothu' -- a traditional play and
ritual among the plantation community.
The play shows the Hindu god, Lord Shiva going into a long
period of meditation, during which there is no human reproduction on
earth. Worried by this, the god and goddess of love, Manmathan and
Raththi, try to distract Shiva by shooting flowers at him.
An angry Shiva kills Manmathan. But later, he yields to Raththi's pleas and revives her companion.
A more contemporary play -- 'Inraya Nilal' -- addresses the plight of the plantation community in Sri Lanka.
It tells how the Indian workers were duped by the British with
promises of a bright future in Sri Lanka and the hardships they found
here.
"This is the fist time in our history that a university has
involved us in any activity," says plantation worker S. Prabakiran from
Bogawanthalawa.
Four years ago, the plantation workers formed a cultural
performance group, which brings together dramatists from the entire
plantation.
The festival was first staged six years ago. The event is becoming increasingly popular among the local community.
"Universities are considered spaces for scholars and elite and
are often isolated from the community. The cultural festival has helped
break down these barriers," says Batticaloa University's Jeyashankar.
"It is now not only a space for lecturers and students but also for the community," he adds. (END)